understanding petro modernity
Erdöl. Ein Atlas der Petromoderne | Нефть. Атлас петромодерна | Atlas of Petromodernity
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The energy imaginary permeates ideological agendas, political projects, national myths, and mass media narratives, while visions of past and future energy inform public discourse, literature, and film, reflecting their historical and social underpinnings. This conference aims to map this evolving field of research by exploring the social and humanistic dimensions of energy, including fossil fuels, renewables, and nuclear power, and by examining the complex relationship between energy and the dynamics of war and peace
Additionally, the conference will feature two policy-oriented panels: one addressing the energy and climate agenda following the onset of the full-scale war in Ukraine in 2022, and the other examining the roles of scientists, experts, and activists in shaping and implementing energy transition policies and actions.
With (in oder of appearence): Oxana Timofeeva, Ilya Kalinin, Olaf Hamann, Alexander Klose, Gretchen Bakke, Darin Barney, Jeff Diamanti, Felix Jaitner, Cara Daggett, Johanna Gautier Morin, Ayansina Ayanlade, Maria Engström, Ilya Kalinin, Tatiana Mitrova, Oldag Caspar, Tatiana Lanshina, Polina Malysheva, Imre Szeman (see link for program).
Abstract of Alexander Klose’s paper: Whose ideology is it?
On the multiplication of ideological possibilities and contradictions in late petromodernism
When the term „petromodernity“ was coined by Canadian and US-american humanities scholars in the 2000s to name the major influence petroleum-based fuels and materials were having in the further development and expansion of the industrial civilization since the second half of the 20th century, those scholars had in mind the „American Way of Life“: a culture of exuberance based on the belief in individual freedom and market liberalism. Quite soon it became clear, though, that other petromodernities had to be taken into account as well. „Petromodernity East“, developed in the USSR and the countries of the Eastern bloc, was founded in doctrines of collectivism and planned economy. Nevertheless, it shared with its western counterpart a fundamental belief in progress as a combination of technological and social development. On the other hand, autocratic versions of petromodern developments in colonial/post-colonial extraction states like Saudi-Arabia and the Gulf States seemed to be defined by a clash with the values and habits of Western modernity, the influx of petrodollars, technologies and values dialectically strengthening anti-modern currents. Lately, under the impression of a warming climate and the Anthropocene postulate, a new dominant ideological formation has developed. It is based on the belief that the world is threatened by an end of times, the „climate catastrophe“, and in order to save the world and the benefits of the (petro-)modern civilization, it has to go „post-fossil“. In sharp contrast, in the other political camp, elites from the very centers of hyper-individualism plead to hold on to petroleum as our „companionship substance“ and restore the heydays of petromodern exuberance while at the same time giving up on core republican and democratic values like social justice, tolerance and equality for an autocratic, seemingly neo-feudal society—petroleum without modernity.
In following the historical threads of ideological formations in petromodernity, the talk tries to contribute to the work of entangling the confusing mess of competing convictions, ideas and legitimations that defines our current planetary situation.
It is a pleasure to announce the publication of the American edition of our »Atlas« – updated and extended version with a new foreword by Stephanie LeMenager and a new long closing chapter (‘Zombie’) on the Ukraine war and the still not closed case of petromodern destruction.
Open access and paper copies! Download and order the book here!
We stroll through Baku, Rotterdam, and Louisiana, into Manchuria and through the Vienna Basin. We read Bertolt Brecht, technical manuals, and petroculture theory. We reinterpret Kasimir Malewich, and we listen to Neil Young. We follow the traces of Joseph Stalin, Adolf Eichmann, and Bin Laden. We go to the moon, through refineries and over highways emptied by the COVID-19 pandemic. We confront petrochemistry with petromelancholy, catalysis with catharsis, cosmos with cosmetics. We see tractors winning over tanks.
The Atlas of Premodernity tackles the contradictory ambivalences of a substance that has been vital for our epoch, and whose roles and meanings need to be understood in order to be able to leave this epoch behind.
»Selten hat mich ein Gespräch so gefesselt – und selten eines so beunruhigt,« schreibt Joachim Telgenbücher, Ressortleiter Geschichte und Redaktionsleiter Geo Epoche in seinem Editorial (Bestellung des Hefts hier)
James van Sickle was a generous friend of our project since in 2013 he opened his family archives to our work, those of a Scottish-Huguenot Canadian-Galician-Romanian-Austrian oilman. In 2022, he became the only private sponsor of the translation of our German language ‘Atlas of Petromodernity’ into his English mother tongue—putting the name of van Sickle alongside those of the Goethe- and a Max Planck Institutes. In fact, at least three essays in our book (‘Pumpjack’, ‘Adventurers’, ‘Animals in Oil Fields’), have a direct relation to him and his archive. We were happy to send him the news that the book was finally published this summer, though he could not see the result any more.
James van Sickle was born in London in 1938. He lived in Vienna, Austria since 1961. Until he sold the company in the 1990s to OMV AG (Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung AG), he was head of what was founded as ‘Tiefbohrunternehmen Richard Keith van Sickle’ in 1937 by his father Richard Keith (1899-1961) and handed over to James in the early 1970s after an agonizingly long inheritance dispute.
James was the descendent of one of the families of adventurers who followed the global routes of oil in the late nineteenth century. Through his mother Dorothea Alice Cooke-Yarborough he also had an aristocratic background. To explain to his children “why we are nomads” he wrote a family chronicle that stretches from Sudan, Canada, the Middle East, and Austria. His grandfather and uncle had started drilling on oil in Petrolia, Ontario in the nineteenth century, then as many Canadian specialists from that place—called ‘hard oilers’—went to Galicia in the Habsburg Empire (now Ukraine), and further to Australia and Romania.
There, in Câmpina, James’ father, Richard Keith van Sickle, was born in 1899. His story connects family and world history in the most intimate way which made it the subject of our ‘Adventurer’ essay in the atlas. And since it was James who brought all this to us, by his archival material, hís chronicle, and his detailed explainings, is seems right to retell his father’s story in our orbituary to him. Keith van Sickle studied mechanical engineering in Cambridge and after working in oilfields in Romania in the 1920s, he turned towards Austria. For some years he owned a small castle and manor at Marbach in Upper Austria, at a place that by coincidence later lay some hundred meters away from the Mauthausen concentration camp. In the mid-1930s, he acquired mining claims at Neusield/Zaya at the Vienna Bassin. As early as 1937 van Sickle was forced to cede part to Deutsche Petroleum AG. It was here where, after the Anschluss—the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938—that on behalf of Deutsche Petroleum AG, van Sickle drilled the most productive oil well in the territory of Greater Germany at St Ulrich, Neusiedl/Zaya. On Kodak color amateur footage from 1939 we see Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart walking by at the festivities to open the well, and then van Sickle. While a dual power of attorney, granted to his lover Elfriede Krasa and trustee Hermann Fritsche, took care of business during wartime, van Sickle himself was to be found on the other side of the front, fighting against an army fuelled by this oil. He trained as a pilot in the First World War, and from 1939 onwards, he served as a major in the British Royal Engineers Corps in North Africa, and later as lieutenant colonel and oil-attaché in Baghdad and Tehran. Meanwhile, in London, the German Luftwaffe was laying waste to his wife Dorothea’s mansion in genteel Sumner Place Nr. 2, once used to mortgage Austrian mining claims. In 1945, van Sickle returned to Vienna via Indonesia. His oil fields had suffered thoroughly through brutal German war exploitation and they sat in the Soviet zone. But van Sickle was used to dealing with Soviets from his time in Tehran, and decided to stand up to them. Based on a Russian tip, he acquired a magnificent mansion in Baden near Vienna, and was named in the Staatsvertrag, the treaty which guaranteed Austria’s independence in 1955. He died in 1961 from bladder cancer, and Elfriede Krasa fought desperately to not let James get hold of the company.
After a long decade of missed investment into the old infrastructure James van Sickle could restart with his team in early 1970s. Photo albums show the life of both the company and family at Neusiedl, and the challenges to operate with old and outdated machinery. A refinery and laboratory that was put into place to also profit from downstream added value was managed not at least by help of Marion, James’ wife who was trained as a chemist. And we see long trains with his logo shipping van Sickle oil and products into the world. But productivity was difficult to keep, and in the 1990s James sold the company, the wells and infrastructure to OMV. His former employees still kept the spirit of a certain independence. When we started in 2012 with Rohstoff-Geschichte to access unofficial documentations of the Austrian oil industry we could integrate a lot of photographs and even films from proud van Sickle workers into our digital collection and in one case later into our atlas.
It was during this project, in 2013, when James van Sickle kindly opened his private archives to our research. More than a thousand documents such as letters, photographs, a drilling diary from Romania 1925, and some unique amateur film footage from the oil fields from the 1930s were digitized and put into the archives of the Geological Survey of Austria (GBA, now GeoSphere Austria).
In long meetings at the lobby of Hotel Bristol in Vienna or at his home at one of the most beautiful places of Vienna in the middle of vineyards, we got to know James van Sickle as a subtle and witty storyteller—in his distinguished Austrian German with just a slight and genteel British accent. We learned about his racing cars (a Lotus Eleven) in his “playboy years”, about leading a company in 70s and 80s Austria, about war times between London, Vienna, and Neusiedl—about global oil history in the twentieth Century through the intimate looking glass of a family history—that in this unique case we luckily were offered by James.
We express our deep condolences to his wife and three children, and we hope to keep James van Sickle’s and his family’s memory alive through our work.
»#1 New Release in Petroleum Engineering« at Amazon (whatever this means, let’s keep it there!)
Alles fängt mit den Aktivitäten im und um den Boden an und mit dem direkten und indirekten Zuströmen der Energie der Sonne. Beileibe nicht zum ersten Mal wird es heute als krisenhaft empfunden. Dass Landwirtschaft, Kultur und Gesellschaft aufs Engste zusammenhängen, zeigen die auf einer „crazy wall“ versammelten Bilder der Landwirtschaft aus mehreren Jahrtausenden. Nichts hat in dieser langen Geschichte so weitreichende Folgen gezeitigt wie die Industrialisierung. Wie viel fossile Energie steckt in heutigen landwirtschaftlichen Produkten? Auf einer „detective wall“ zur Stickstoff-Verschwörung können Sie einigen zentralen Zusammenhängen dieser Veränderungen auf die Schliche kommen. In einem Pflanzregal im ersten Stock schließlich begegnen sich die Spur des Traktors – die auch auf das Schlachtfeld führt –, ein Kulturpflanzen-Quartett, die „glokale“ Geschichte des Zuckers und die historische Dynamik von Kollektivierung und Kapitalisierung.
(bald mehr!)
»Es gibt Dinge, die sind zu selbstverständlich, als dass man versteht, dass sie eigentlich zu kompliziert sind, um sie zu verstehen. Die Autobahn ist so ein „Ding.“ Und dabei geht es gar nicht nur um die offensichtlich ökologische oder die politisch-historische Belastung. Die Nazis haben die „Pyramiden des Dritten Reichs“ – mit Rainer Stommers mittlerweile selbst historischem Buchtitel – zwar bekanntermaßen nicht erfunden, aber sie haben sie doch maßgeblich gebaut. Und mit ihren Plänen, die Autobahn zur expliziten Inszenierung von „Landschaft“ einzusetzen, haben sie nicht nur Verkehrsentscheidungen, sondern auch Erfahrungsräume über Jahrzehnte festgelegt. Dies ist aber nur Teil einer Komplikation, die auch in ihren unauffälligeren Aspekten Wirkung hat.«
Link zum materialreichen Magazin »Zeitgeister – Das Kulturmagazin des Goethe-Instituts« » Autobahn« mit insgesamt dreiundzwanzig Beiträgen hier (englische Ausgabe hier)
